自闭症是一个医学名词，又称孤独症，被归类为一种由于神经系统失调导致的发育障碍，其病征包括不正常的社交能力、沟通能力、兴趣和行为模式。自闭症是一种广泛性发展障碍，以严重的、广泛的社会相互影响和沟通技能的损害以及刻板的行为、兴趣和活动为特征的精神疾病。

自闭症表现

　　1.不能进行社会交往。一般儿童喜欢看人，而自闭症儿童无论对熟悉的还是不熟悉的，都是不屑一顾。那便是看人，也是为要东西，这种眼神的接触是刻板机械的

　　2.不能建立伙伴关系。一个特点是不会玩，不知道玩具的功能，只是反复的玩弄物体的一种特性，如不停的摸皮球的表面。

　　3.特殊的依恋关系。一般儿童在出生后六个月就开始和父母建立依恋关系，当母亲或养护人走开时，儿童会哭泣。但自闭症儿童似乎没有强烈的反应，平时也不黏父母。有的自闭症儿童似乎很难离开父母尤其是母亲，有时还喜欢让家人抱着，但这种关系和正常儿童的依恋有着本质上的区别，这只是他的一种刻板行为。虽然不会和父母形成正常的依恋关系，但是他们却能和物品形成特殊的关系。经常可以看见一个自闭症儿童会长时间玩弄一件别人斗不愿意玩的物品，例如：瓶盖等。

　　4.不会察言观色。一般儿童到了二三岁，不仅会表达自己的情绪，而且会理解大人的情感。但是自闭症儿童缺乏这种能力。

自闭症治疗

   外国自闭症Helfin等将各种孤独症疗法分为以下4类。

   (1)以促进人际关系为基础的疗法

   (2)以技巧发展为基础的干预疗法

   (3)基于生理学的感觉听觉膳食排毒等的干预疗法

   (4)综合应用行为分析疗法

哈林秀王自闭症营特点

   哈林秀王美国篮球训练营使用篮球游戏训练为手段，采用美国俄勒冈大学心理研究学院较新研究成果，以篮球为工具，通过教练员的细心指导，以及与同学的互动配合，以促进人际关系发展，技巧发展，训练学生感官感觉为目的的训练方法。

哈林秀王自闭症营的篮球治疗原则

一个一致的治疗计划

尽量令自闭症儿童能明白对他的要求，令他对环境产生兴趣，觉得参与有意义。

要制造一个稳定、一致的治疗结构，与及要主动的帮助他们参与。

教他的东西要适合他的能力，尽量帮助家长去学习在家里用同样的方法教导他。

教他学习正常行为去代替异常行为。

尽量用鼓励的方法，开始时可能需要物质奖励，较重要是令他参予后得到成功感。成功的经验会令他的情绪稳定及有更大的动机去参予。

要从多方面去评估他的能力。他的能力是参差不齐的。根据评估结果去提供适合他能力的训练方法及学习机会。

重复性行为及不愿改变的倾向需要慢慢治疗。通常是帮助他学习其它较好的行为去代替这些行为。另外，他们愈明白得多，这些行为就会愈少。

用行为心理治疗方法去应付一些困难行为，例如发脾气、不愿吃饭等。

尽量令儿童和家长有愉快的生活经验。

治疗方案、步骤

步骤1：篮球运动能力认知测试

步骤2：教练员与学生建立信任及情感沟通

步骤3：学员之间建立情感联系

步骤4：注重团队协作完成任务，克服挑战，改变病态行为动作

阳光关爱活动：《不一样的六一儿童节》

俄勒冈大学心理研究学院院长Ryan关于自闭症的篮球治愈方法及理论原则

SHOW1 Autistic basketball program

Basketball can be a teaching tool for children with autism

Some people say it’s an epidemic. There is still no known cause for why it strikes one child but not another, and there is no cure. To make things even more frightening, current statistics show that 2 to 6 children of every 1,000 will be diagnosed with it. And males are 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with it than females.

We’re talking about autism.

Children born with this serious, life-altering neurological disorder will often exhibit symptoms of autism by age 3. Often they do not respond normally to verbal cues, they avoid eye contact, their verbal skills may be delayed or even non-existent and they may get fussy when they are cuddled.

Not only is the diagnosis far too frequent but also, as a neurological condition, it never affects children in the same way or to the same degree. In the medical world, the y term “Autism spectrum” is applied to explain that the degree of autism may be very slight or very severe, with lots of inconsistencies in between.

One form of autism, which applies to higher functioning children, is known as Asbergers Syndrome. Children with this form of autism are often more verbal and more willing to communicate and interact with the world around them. They often have a very high level of intelligence and very specific gifts and talents.

However, like children who fall into other areas of the autism spectrum, kids who havebeendiagnosed with Asbergers Syndrome are usually developmentally delayed. Their gross motor skill development is delayed- meaning the use of large muscles is awkward.

Delays in social skills is another way that kids with Asbergers Syndrome struggle. They may be very uncomfortable with peer interaction. They may have trouble reading social cues and be confused when their peers react in certain ways. They may struggle to play appropriately with other kids.

Obviously, you know your child best. Introduce him to the basketball, encourage him to throw it, bounce it. Encourage him to aim for the basketball hoop and when he gets a basket, sound like you’re throwing a party for his accomplishment.

Show1 can teach your child that age-old game of Horse, where you move around the goal, taking turns to make shots at the hoop. You are teaching him the skills of waiting for his turn, listening and following directions. Each time he handles the basketball, even if he is chasing after it, his muscles are developing and strengthening. He is gaining the ability to better work with his own body and become more coordinated. SHOW1 will also help the child to develop confidence. He is learning about a game, and we are absolutely positive on him every single time he takes a try- whether he makes a basket or not.

When your child’s anxiety level about learning to play basketball begins to decrease, consider inviting one or two kids his age to join you under the basketball goal. During this time, you can observe your child’s social needs and guide him toward a better understanding of how to successfully play a game with other children.

Show1 is creating memories, helping your children grow and develop and making parenting fun!

Sensory Sensitivities

Children with autism frequently have sensory sensitivities that can make participating in loud noisy events like a basketball game difficult. Common sensitivities include light, sound and touch. This means that a hypersensitive child may have a meltdown when exposed to any or all of these neurologically startling stimuli. On the other hand, a hypo-sensitive child may not even register the lights or noise and may actually be too aggressive because they may not "feel" pain when bumping into another child. Observing a game may be a better option as a child who needs to maybe wear sunglasses or use earplugs.

Special Interests

In "typically developing" children, it is common for them to form an interest in a subject like basketball and then want to know everything about it as well as play it whenever possible and talk about it all the time. Autistic children develop "special interests" that are basically very specific obsessions. For example, they may collect basketball facts and statistics, but have absolutely no interest in watching a basketball game or ever playing it. It's important to know exactly what part of the game your child is interested in and not assume that he would want to play or go to see a game live, as this may be distressing to your child.

Abuse

When working with children--autistic or not, it is important to be aware that abuse can and does happen. It is particularly important to note that children with disabilities are at a higher risk of being abused. Children with autism are frequently less socially and emotionally developed than their peers, and some have trouble with functional language, making it hard for them to communicate upsetting or abusive events. In 2008, a 16-year-old autistic girl was raped by her basketball coach, who told her that she would be kicked off the team if she did not consent. Unfortunately she had no idea how to respond to the threat and "consented" because basketball meant more to her than her virginity. The coach, Freddie Lamont Wilson, ran the now defunct nonprofit Southeastern North Carolina Youth Basketball Association and, as of 2010, is still serving his term in prison.

Games for the kids to play

Stop and Go Dribble

This is one of the easiest basketball skill games that can be played by a kid able to dribble a basketball. A coach tells a group of kids to line up in single-file lines along the base line of a basketball court. Then the coach yells “Go," and the kid at the front of each line runs forward dribbling the basketball. When the coach yells “Stop”, the kid has to stop in place and keep dribbling the ball. If he doesn’t stop or can’t control dribbling the ball, the coach sends the kid to the back of the line. The next kid at the front of line then tries the same dribbling drill.

A coach can also have the kids do other dribbling moves while in the “Stop” position to master coordination. Switching between dribbling with the left and right hand during “Stop” and “Go” drills can get kids used to dribbling techniques used in real games. Teach the kids to crouch down while dribbling the ball when in the “Stop” position to learn the proper move of protecting the ball from a steal during a game.

Please note: This game is fun also with just the use of the whistle.